Showing posts with label Holy Spirit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Holy Spirit. Show all posts

Sunday, May 24, 2026

El Día de Pentecostés

I first preached this sermon in Spanish; the English translation is below.

Hechos 2:1-21
Juan 20:19-23

Oremos…

Que las palabras de mi boca y las meditaciones de nuestros corazones sean aceptables ante tu presencia, Señor, fortaleza nuestra y redentor nuestro. Amén.

 

Pentecostés era originalmente la festividad judía que celebraba la cosecha y la entrega de la Ley en el Monte Sinaí, cincuenta días después de la Pascua.

En la tradición cristiana, cincuenta días después de la Pascua de Resurrección,

celebramos al Espíritu Santo como la presencia de Dios en nosotros y entre nosotros. (Sundays and Seasons)

 

El texto de los Hechos de los Apóstoles ofrece un hilo conductor que se repite año tras año en Pentecostés; sin embargo, este año lo escuchamos junto con el Evangelio según San Juan correspondiente a la tarde del Domingo de Pascua.

 

Cincuenta días después, podríamos olvidar fácilmente el miedo y la incertidumbre que se apoderaron de los discípulos tras la crucifixión. 

 

El Cuarto Evangelista nos recuerda que los amigos de Jesús estaban escondidos detrás de puertas cerradas con llave cuando Jesús se les apareció en una de sus primeras manifestaciones después de la resurrección.

 

Y mientras se encontraban allí reunidos, él les ofreció un saludo de paz y sopló sobre ellos,

diciéndoles: “Reciban el Espíritu Santo.” (v. 22)

 

Entre los acontecimientos de aquella primera noche y la escena que hoy nos presentan en el libro de los Hechos, los discípulos permanecieron en Jerusalén, continuando su convivencia con Jesús hasta el momento de su Ascensión (Hechos 1:6-11).

 

No tenemos un relato detallado de lo que aconteció durante ese tiempo; pero podemos imaginar que fue un tiempo de instrucción y enseñanza adicionales, destinado a preparar a los discípulos para la labor que tenían por delante. La narración se reanuda en este día festivo: el Día de Pentecostés.

 

Lucas nos relata que todas aquellas personas —provenientes de regiones remotas y distantes—estaban reunidas; y, sin embargo, cada una de ellas podía oír a los discípulos en su propio idioma, «proclamando las obras poderosas de Dios…» (v. 11).

 

Una manera de entender esta escena de Pentecostés es considerarla como la inversión del episodio de la Torre de Babel, descrito en el capítulo 11 del Génesis. Dicho libro nos narra que, cuando la humanidad entera «tenía un solo idioma y las mismas palabras», el pueblo intentó construir una torre para ascender hasta los cielos; pero Dios los humilló, confundiendo su lenguaje y dispersándolos por toda la faz de la tierra. (Gén. 11:9)

 

Ahora, el pueblo de Dios se ha reunido en un entendimiento compartido, unido por una sola ley y un solo Espíritu. 

 

En el Evangelio de Juan, los apóstoles reciben el aliento del Espíritu Santo y son capacitados para la obra del ministerio en el mundo.

 

Si respiran profundamente, permitiendo que su abdomen y su pecho se llenen de aire,

pueden imaginar el espacio que se creó en sus propios cuerpos al recibir ese aliento de Dios, vivificante y transformador.

 

A menudo, representamos el movimiento del Espíritu Santo con banderas que ondean suavemente o con molinillos que giran con ligereza; sin embargo, en el libro de los Hechos, el Espíritu Santo no es tan apacible.

 

En cambio, Lucas lo describe como «el estruendo de un viento impetuoso» (2:2) que llenó toda la casa donde estaban reunidos los discípulos.

 

El aliento puede ser suave, pero el viento es incontrolable: sopla con fuerza y desgarrando el aire ; puede ser dañino o destructivo, haciendo pedazos las cosas que se resisten a doblegarse.

 

Y así, tenemos ante nosotros esta imagen de un tremendo poder divino, desatado sobre y entre los discípulos en Jerusalén.

 

Por un acto puramente divino, la comunidad es impulsada hacia el mundo por el Espíritu Santo.

 

Tras haber recibido el Espíritu Santo, los seguidores de Jesús se transforman: dejan de ser testigos temerosos para convertirse en testigos valientes en el mundo (Brian Stoffregen).

 

Y, sin embargo, a veces sus caminos fueron peligrosos. Sus discursos eran objeto de burla. En ocasiones, eran arrestados y encarcelados. La comodidad no era una señal de su discipulado.

 

Al leer el texto de los Hechos, un predicador reflexionó: “Nuestra incomodidad no es un signo de la ausencia de Dios, sino de la actividad de Dios.”

 

Por lo tanto, al celebrar Pentecostés, espero que podamos sentir curiosidad por lo que Dios está haciendo aquí y ahora;

incluso —o tal vez, especialmente— en aquellos momentos en los que nos sentimos incómodos. 

 

Que Dios estreche nuestra imaginación respecto a quiénes somos y a quiénes estamos llamados a ser como pueblo suyo.

 

Mientras reflexionamos juntos, como congregación, sobre el ministerio al que hemos sido llamados, el pastor Mark nos ha ofrecido esta ilustración.


 

El año pasado, al sacar mi bicicleta después del invierno, me dirigí al sendero Ecusta Trail, en Horseshoe, y pronto descubrí que las ruedas estaban desinfladas. Todo el aire se había escapado y yo ni siquiera me había dado cuenta.

 

La bicicleta es una ilustración de nuestro trabajo conjunto como congregación. El aire en los llantas es esencial. Dios nos llena y nos envía.

 

La rueda trasera es donde se concentra toda la energía.

Esta lleva la etiqueta de “ministerio diario”; es la labor de toda la congregación, de cada uno de nosotros.

 

Y hay cuatro áreas en las que se desarrolla nuestro ministerio diario: discipulado, compañerismo, mayordomía y adoración.

Todo nuestro trabajo conjunto se sustenta en una pieza central llamada administración.

La rueda delantera es la que dirige la bicicleta, dándole rumbo, y lleva la etiqueta de “liderazgo”.

 

Volviendo a nuestras imágenes del Espíritu Santo como el aliento y el viento que nos capacita y nos envían al mundo, se les invita a mirar esta imagen y a reflexionar sobre qué áreas del ministerio podrían estar llamados a participar.

 

Tal vez sea la adoración, donde las personas sirven como músicos, ujieres, lectores y asistentes de la comunión.

o el compañerismo, al reflexionar sobre las formas de profundizar nuestras relaciones y cuidarnos mutuamente los unos a los otros;

o el discipulado, al considerar cómo aprendemos más acerca de quién nos llama Dios a ser;

o la mayordomía, donde consideramos cómo compartimos nuestros dones con la comunidad y cómo cuidamos aquello que Dios ya nos ha dado.

 

Por favor, escriban su nombre en el papel y marquen con un círculo dos áreas en las que creen que podrían servir.

 

Una de mis profesoras de predicación en el seminario, Karoline Lewis, dijo recientemente: “Pentecostés no es solo un día; Pentecostés es una forma de vida”. Creo que es una forma de vida compartida en la que decimos: “Ven, Espíritu Santo”, y observamos qué sucede después.

 

Oremos...

Dios del aliento y Dios del viento,

sopla sobre nosotros. Transfórmanos y ábrenos para recibir a tu Espíritu Santo.

Capacítanos envíanos como tus discípulos, para que el mundo te conozca y te ame.

Amén.



Let us pray…

May the words of my mouth and the meditations of our hearts be acceptable in your sight, Lord, our strength and our redeemer. Amen. 

 

Pentecost was originally the Jewish festival celebrating the harvest and the giving of the law on Mount Sinai fifty days after Passover. 

In the Christian tradition, fifty days after Easter, 

we celebrate the Holy Spirit as God’s presence within and among us. (Sundays and Seasons)

 

The Acts text provides a common thread year to year on Pentecost but this year, we hear it alongside the Johannine gospel from Easter evening. 

 

Fifty days later, we could easily forget the fear and uncertainty that seized the disciples after the crucifixion. The Fourth Evangelist reminds us that Jesus’ friends were hiding behind locked doors when Jesus appeared to them in one of his first appearances after the resurrection. And while they were gathered there together, he offered them a greeting of peace and he breathed on them, 

telling them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.” (v. 22)

 

Between the events of that first night, and the scene we get in Acts today, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem, continuing to spend time with Jesus until his ascension (Acts 1:6-11). 

 

We don’t have a detailed account of what took place during that time; but we can imagine it was a time of further instruction and teaching, preparing the disciples for the work ahead of them. The narrative resumes on this feast day, the Day of Pentecost.

 

Luke tells us that all the people were together from far-flung, distant regions, and yet each of them could hear the disciples in their own languages “speaking about God’s deeds of power….” (v. 11). 

 

One way to understand this scene of Pentecost is as a reversal of the tower of Babel that is described in Genesis 11. Genesis says that when all humanity “had one language and the same words”, the people tried to build a tower to ascend to the heavens, but God humbled them, confusing their language and scattering them abroad over the face of all the earth. (Gen. 11:9)  

 

Now God’s people have come together in shared understanding, united by one law and one Spirit.

 

In John’s gospel the apostles receive the breath of the Holy Spirit and are empowered for the work of ministry in the world. 

If you will breathe deeply, letting your belly and chest fill with air, 

you can imagine the space that was created in their own bodies as they received that life-giving, transforming breath of God. 

 

Often, we show the movement of the Holy Spirit with gently waving banners or lightly spinning pinwheels, but the Holy Spirit is not that subdued in Acts. 

 

Instead, Luke describes it as a “the rush of a violent wind” (2:2) that filled the whole house where the disciples were gathered. 

 

Breath may be gentle, but wind is uncontrollable, gusting and tearing through the air; it can be damaging or destructive, breaking things apart if they will not bend. 

 

And so, we have this image of tremendous divine power, unleashed upon and among the disciples in Jerusalem. 

By the sheer act of God, the community is swept out into the world by the Holy Spirit.

 

Having received the Holy Spirit, Jesus’ followers are changed from fearful to fearless witnesses in the world. (Stoffregen)

 

And yet, sometimes their journeys were dangerous. Their speeches were mocked. Sometimes they were arrested and jailed. Comfort was not a mark of their discipleship. 

 

Reading the Acts text, one preacher reflected that “our discomfort isn’t a sign of God’s absence, but of God’s activity.” 

 

So, as we celebrate Pentecost, I hope we can be curious about what God is doing here and now – 

even, or maybe especially, when we may be uncomfortable. 

May God stretch our imagination about who we are and who we are called to be as God’s people. 

 

As we think together as a congregation about the ministry we are called to, Pastor Mark has offered this illustration.


Last year, when I got my bike out after the winter, I headed over to the Ecusta Trail in Horseshoe, and quickly discovered the tires were flat. All the air had leaked out and I hadn’t even noticed. 

 

The bicycle is an illustration of our work together as a congregation. The air in the tires is essential. God fills us up and sends us out.

 

The rear wheel is where all the energy goes.

That is labeled “daily ministry”; it is the work of the whole congregation, every one of us.

 

And there are four areas that our daily ministry falls into- discipleship, fellowship, stewardship and worship.

All of our work together is supported by a central piece called administration.

The front wheel is what steers the bicycle, giving it direction, and it’s labeled “leadership”.

 

Returning to our images of Holy Spirit as the breath and wind that is empowering us and sending us out into the world, you are invited to look at this image and think about which ministry areas you may be called into. 

 

Maybe it’s worship where people serve as musicians, greeters, readers and communion assistants; 

or fellowship as we think about ways to deepen relationships with each other and care for each other; 

or discipleship as we look at how we learn more about who God calls us to be; 

or stewardship, where we look at how we share our gifts with the community and how we care for what God has given us already.

 

Please write your name on the paper and circle two areas where you think you could serve.

 

One of my seminary preaching professors Karoline Lewis said recently that, “Pentecost is not just a day, Pentecost is a way of life”. I think it is a way of life together where we say, “Come, Holy Spirit” and see what happens next. 

 

Let us pray…

God of breath and God of wind, 

Breathe on us. Change us and open us to receive your Holy Spirit.

Empower us and send us out as your disciples that the world would know and love you. 

Amen.

Sunday, April 19, 2026

Third Sunday of Easter


For all of us who appreciate measured, linear timelines, 
consider this fair warning:
today’s texts suspend time. 
They also have us listening in on intimate conversations, 
hearing speeches 
and reading someone else’s mail. 
 
The gospel takes place on Easter evening, 
on the way to a village outside Jerusalem, 
before the resurrection appearances that we heard about last Sunday in John’s Gospel. 
For us today on the third Sunday of Easter, 
we need to re-locate ourselves in time, 
back to that first night, on the Day of Resurrection.
 

On that Easter evening, 
Jesus appears to two of his followers
who are walking along and talking 
about what they had heard and seen earlier in the day. 
When Jesus joins them, they don’t recognize him, 
but they’re friendly, and they talk with him.
 
What catches my attention first is that they speak with someone, 
whom they think is a stranger, about the day’s events. 
 
I wonder, why were they free to move about, 
to travel 
and to talk openly? 
when John tells us 
other disciples were hiding behind locked doors, 
afraid to be overheard or seen?
 
Luke tells us that as the two continue along their way, 
still oblivious to who Jesus is, 
he interprets the scriptures to them. 
 
I don’t know about you, but when I meet someone I don’t know, 
I ask questions, like
what’s your name? 
where are you from? 
who might we know in common? 
 
But if the two asked any questions, Luke doesn’t tell us. 
All Luke says is that they listen to Jesus teach, and 
they still don’t recognize him.
 
The two urge Jesus, who appears to plan to continue his journey, 
to stop and stay with them and they invite him to share their meal.
 
And it’s there, in the meal, 
as Jesus takes the bread, blesses it, breaks it and gives it to them, that at last, they recognize him.
 
As quickly as we learn that they know who Jesus is, 
Luke tells us he vanishes from them.
 
While we know that isn’t the end of the story, all Luke tells us today is that the two return to Jerusalem and testify to the other disciples, telling them what had happened.


 
The lectionary reading from Acts is part of Peter’s speech following the events of Pentecost, 
events we haven’t reached yet in our Easter season but, in short, Peter is addressing his fellow Jews and contrasting the human actions that crucified Christ and the divine actions by God that raised him from death. 
 
We hear members of the crowd interrupt Peter, 
asking him and the other apostles, 
“What should we do?”
 
While the two in Emmaus recognized Jesus as Lord in the meal that they shared, 
here in Jerusalem, 
it is as if the crowd’s ears are finally able to hear the truth, 
or perhaps, as in Paul’s story of conversion later in Acts, 
scales fall from their eyes, and they see clearly now that 
Jesus is Lord and Messiah. (see Acts 9:18)
 
The epistle we have for today is also attributed to Peter. In it, the author is writing to churches in Asia Minor – what is modern day Turkey - churches that were planted during Peter’s missionary journeys there. 
 
Like Paul’s letters, this letter would have been circulated among the faith communities there. Its message is that “Believers have reasons for hope… because Christ is raised and living, and God is at work in the world.” (“Summary of First Peter”, enterthebible.org, Luther Seminary) A little earlier in the letter, the author tells the churches to prepare for action, because of the grace Christ brings. (v. 13)
  
Throughout these Scriptures we hear Jesus is Lord and Messiah, 
and we hear how he is on the move.
 

The disciples in Emmaus, the crowds in Jerusalem and the churches in Asia Minor didn’t keep the Good News of the Risen Christ to themselves, or we wouldn’t be here today 
to celebrate that Jesus is risen and alive. 
 
In the same way, 
we are being called to testify to the ways God is still at work 
in the world through Christ, and through the Church,
and we are being called to follow Jesus into new places, 
and new ways of being community. 
 
Resurrection faith remembers what God has already done in Christ and sets our hope in God’s ongoing work in, through and among us, today and into the future.
 
Let us pray.
Holy God, 
Thank you for Jesus, our Lord and Messiah,
for his saving grace for each of us,
and for the ways he meets us where we are 
and urges us to new places, 
and new ways of being Your people.
Open our ears to hear Your Word and follow Jesus where he leads.
We pray in Jesus’ name.
Amen. 

Sunday, August 17, 2025

Tenth Sunday after Pentecost

Luke 12:49-56

Aw, man, I really didn’t want to preach today’s gospel.

From Jesus naming his desire to bring fire to the earth (v. 49) and  predicting the ways that households would be divided by his words (v. 51-53) to his condemnation of his audience, calling them “hypocrites”, I was left wondering,

“How is this Good News?”

Seriously, I thought about preaching a different text today.

But you may remember that in a sermon last month Pastor Jonathan shared how following Jesus, living lives of discipleship and choosing to be faithful to the Gospel means sometimes choosing to do hard things.

And while I would like to only listen to Jesus when he says comforting words, I know that I need to hear his challenging words, too.

So, I went back to the text. And not only our gospel text, but also the words of Jeremiah that are paired with it today.

Because Jeremiah is speaking to God’s people and reminding them that prophets speak the Word of the Lord faithfully. They don’t only say what people want to hear. They don’t only speak words of promise and comfort. And a Word that comes through the prophet is also, always first a Word to the prophet. 

Sometimes God’s Word is not so much like a gentle whisper but like the fire sent at Pentecost, sweeping through and making room for what’s next; sometimes it is like a hammer that breaks open rugged rocks to reveal what is precious within them.

If we start with what we know about who Jesus is, then I think we can hear the Good News in our gospel today.

Jesus wants us to know we are loved and forgiven, and Jesus wants us to be reconciled, with God and with one another, and to flourish in relationship and community. And He regularly calls out the obstacles to that abundant life, naming the powers and principalities and those things that draw us away from God.

When Jesus speaks of fire and baptism, we are meant to remember the words of John the Baptizer in Luke 3 who said,

I baptize you with water; but one who is more powerful than I is coming; I am not worthy to untie the thong of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. His winnowing fork is in his hand, to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his granary; but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire. (3:16-17)

The fire that Jesus wants to kindle is not one of damnation and punishment, but one of purifying and refining power. It burns away the stuff that doesn’t matter and preserves what is needed.

This interpretation is supported later in Luke, in chapter 9, when Jesus and his disciples reach Samaria and are rejected. James and John ask Jesus if he wants them to “command fire to come down from heaven and consume [the Samaritans]” and Jesus rebuked the disciples. The basis of judgment is our conduct, but the basis for hope is always God. (The Rev. Dr. Richard Nysse, Luther Seminary) The Lord is gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love. (Psalm 145:8)

But Jesus doesn’t pretend that following him will be easy. He says that, in fact, listening to Him and choosing to follow Him will make life hard. It can create difficulty and strife in relationships. We can expect that we will disagree about what it means to follow Jesus - in our households, in our congregations and the wider Church. 

This tension between following Jesus and living in the world isn’t new.

It echoes what Jesus told the men in Luke 9 who wanted to complete their household responsibilities before they followed Him: 
the Kingdom of Heaven demands our full and immediate attention and takes priority over everything else.

It’s a hard word to hear and to preach and even harder to follow.

We know that the prophetic word is one that is met with resistance. The prophet Micah answered the question, “What does the Lord require of you?” with the deceptively simple “Do justice, love kindness and walk humbly with your God.” (Micah 6:8)

Justice. Humility. Kindness.

This is the hard work of discipleship to which we are called. Throughout his Small Catechism, Luther interprets God’s commandments for us, explaining each one within the context of what it means to “fear and love God”. 

Here Jesus tells us that in our Christian lives, we are called to let go of the things that serve ourselves and our egos, to let them burn up like the chaff on the threshing floor. He warns us against self-deception and calls us to honest reflection, that we may “know God more clearly, love God more dearly, and follow God more nearly, day by day”. (Prayer of St. Richard)

There is Good News here for us today. We do not need to be afraid of the fire Jesus desires to kindle in us. It is the burning presence of the divine in our lives, that does not consume, but assures us that God is here, and it is the life-giving Holy Spirit that shines brightly in all of his disciples.

Let us pray.

Holy God,

Thank you giving us Your Son Jesus to comfort and challenge us.

Help us listen to the prophetic word and obey

That the world may know your love and mercy through our bold actions.

We pray in the name of Jesus.

Amen.

Sunday, June 15, 2025

Holy Trinity

Proverbs 8:1-4, 22-31

Psalm 8

John 16:12-15          

On this Holy Trinity Sunday, if you want a concrete explanation of the Holy Trinity, you are going to be disappointed. Because as much as we like neat definitions and dis-ambiguity, the truth is that God is more: more than we can understand, more than we can know and more than we can imagine.

I think what we hear in all of our texts today though is that God desires to be known. And each reveals a different facet of who God is.  

It matters how we think about God’s “is-ness”.

We may begin with who God is not:

God is not a distant clockmaker who sets the world in motion and then watches from a distant perch to see what we will do;

And God is not a puppet master, orchestrating world events for caprice or entertainment;

Nor is God a malevolent judge setting on the mercy bench to mete out punishments.

In Proverbs, we meet God the Creator who acted long ago, as Wisdom testifies to her formation before the beginning of the earth. (v. 22-23)

And in Psalm 8, we hear the Lord called majestic and sovereign, the one whose glory is chanted (v. 2) and how the heavens with their stars and their moons are the very work of God’s fingers (v. 3).

“Creation is…incontrovertible evidence of divine majesty.”[i]

In Psalms for Praying, Nan Merrill paraphrases the psalm’s description of the heavens as “the work of Love’s creation …the infinite variety of your Plan”. 

The next verses in the psalm shift to how God’s plans include humankind as co-workers and stewards of the earth, guardians of the planet, charged with care for all of God’s creatures - the land, the sea and the air we breathe. In his paraphrase, Leslie Brandt writes that the Divine “[assigns to us] the fantastic responsibility of carrying on [God’s] creative activity”.[ii]

Our Creator God isn’t alien or abstract, but the Lord we know intimately, albeit imperfectly and incompletely, through the very world we live in.

In John’s Gospel, God’s majesty as evidenced in the broad swath of creation becomes much more particular, as now we hear Jesus talking with his disciples during the Farewell Discourse before his arrest and execution. In verse 14, Jesus says, “[The Spirit of truth] will glorify me, because he will take what is mine and declare it to you.”

Karoline Lewis, a Johannine scholar at Luther Seminary, writes, “In John[’s Gospel], to glorify is to make visible the presence of God, which is what the Holy Spirit does and what Jesus does.”[iii]

Episcopal priest Evan Garner goes even farther to say, “God cannot be understood but must be encountered through a relationship that grows from faith.” [iv]

As we consider how we understand the Holy Trinity

or who we know God to be,

our knowing is never mere intellectual assent to doctrine or beliefs, or even through our hearing the Word of God and the stories of Jesus, but through the transformation of our lives as “the Divine [is] living and acting and interacting with us on a daily basis.”[v]

Sometimes, like we sang about last Sunday, we hear God speaking to us in whispers, in “our neighbors’ urgent prayers” “or their “longing for rescue from despair.”[vi]

Other times, as at Pentecost, the movement of God and God’s Spirit is dramatic and noisy, a wind-born incarnation, and, like we heard in the acts of the apostles, it will not be contained or restrained.

Still other times, we experience God in the hand that reaches out for ours when we are hurting, in the encouragement that comes from our brothers and sisters in Christ, and in the very presence of Jesus in their faces and actions.

And of course, here in our sanctuary and worship we experience the presence of Christ at the Lord’s Table, in bread and wine, given for each one of us.

For all these glimpses of God alive and working in through and among us, we give thanks.

May we always pay attention to the places where we witness the power of God in ways, big and small.

I’ll end with a prayer from our Christian brothers and sisters at South Yarra Community Church in Melbourne Australia. [vii]

Let us pray…

O Trinity of Love,
your greatness is known in all the world
and your glory reaches beyond the stars.

In the first of your acts long ago, before the mountains were shaped
or springs brought forth water, you breathed your Spirit into being
to work beside you like a skilled artist, dancing joyously to the music of creation and delighting with you in the works of your hand.

In your child, Jesus Christ, you have revealed the glory and honor for which you created all humanity. When the world would not accept his truth and crucified him, you raised him to new life.

Through him, you sent your Holy Spirit to pour your love into our hearts; whispering your words into our ears.

Guide us now into all truth and fill us with the hope of sharing your glory. Amen.


[i] William Brown. Seeing the Psalms. 155.

[ii] Leslie Brandt. Psalms Now. 21

[iii] Karoline Lewis. “Holy Trinity - June 15, 2025.” Sermon Brainwave.

[iv] Evan D. Garner. “In the Lectionary: June 16, Trinity C (John 16:12-15)”. The Christian Century.

[v] Sundays and Seasons Resources, June 15, 2025.

[vi] Mary Louise Bringle. “God is Calling through the Whisper”. 2003.

[vii] https://laughingbird.net/