Sunday, October 11, 2026

Lectionary 28A

I first preached this sermon in Spanish; the English translation is below. 

Mateo 22:1-14

Oremos.

Que las palabras de mi boca y las meditaciones de nuestros corazones sean gratas ante ti, oh Señor, roca nuestra y redentor nuestro. Amén.

 

A veces, al escuchar esta parábola, pasamos de inmediato a una alegoría que nos diría que el rey que ofrece el banquete de bodas es Dios; que aquellos que fueron invitados no una, sino dos veces, y aun así se negaron a asistir a la celebración, son los líderes religiosos judíos; y quienes fueron invitados desde las calles y los caminos —tanto buenos como malos— somos todos nosotros, los gentiles.

 

Sin embargo, esa explicación me deja con algunas preguntas.

 

En primer lugar, la violencia que se muestra en los versículos seis y siete es exclusiva de la versión de esta parábola que nos ofrece Mateo.

 

Un grupo capturó a los esclavos que el rey había enviado, los maltrató y luego los mató. Y entonces el rey respondió de la misma manera, tomando represalias con fuerza militar y afán de venganza. Los soldados incendiaron la ciudad responsable, destruyéndola junto con sus habitantes.

 

Y luego, en los versículos 11 al 13 —en otro pasaje exclusivo de Mateo—, el rey vio a un invitado que está claramente fuera de lugar, pues viste de manera inapropiada para la fiesta. Entonces, el rey ordena que lo aten y lo echen fuera.

 

Si bien podríamos comparar a este rey de reacciones explosivas con el Dios que primero inundó la tierra debido a la maldad de la humanidad (Génesis 6:5) y luego dispersó a los habitantes de Mesopotamia «por toda la faz de la tierra» (Génesis 11:8-9), este rey no se parece al Dios que conozco en el resto del relato bíblico: aquel que establece un pacto con su propio pueblo «mientras la tierra permanezca» (Génesis 8:22).

 

Sin embargo, la biblista escolar Paula Gooder señala que la gente si se parece a las personas cuya historia escuchamos en el relato de Segunda de Crónicas, capítulo 30 (Gooder, 175). El rey Ezequías, quien gobernó cerca del año setecientos antes de Cristo —tras la caída del reino del norte ante Asiria—, buscó unir al pueblo y reformar y restaurar el templo de Jerusalén como el centro de su vida de adoración. Invitó a personas de todo Israel y Judá a acudir a Jerusalén para celebrar la Pascua, enviando mensajeros a todas las ciudades, pero la gente se burló de ellos y los menospreció (2 Cr. 30:1, 10-11).

 

Sin embargo, ahí termina la semejanza.

La respuesta del rey Ezequías no fue de represalia ni de venganza. Por el contrario, el rey continuó ofreciendo sacrificios en el templo y orando:

«Que el buen SEÑOR perdone a todos los que han dispuesto su corazón para buscar a Dios, al SEÑOR, el Dios de sus antepasados...» (2 Cr. 30:18-19).

 

Pacto. Oración. Relación.

Estas son las palabras que asocio con Dios.

 

Así que volvamos a examinar la parábola.

 

Cuando escuchamos la parábola del siervo que no quiso perdonar hace unas semanas, les pedí que no igualáramos al rey con Dios; en cambio, conociendo la respuesta del rey, les sugerí imaginar cómo el Dios que conocemos por las Escrituras —y en la persona de Jesucristo— habría reaccionado de manera diferente.

 

Creo que resulta útil utilizar el personaje del rey en la parábola para ver como Dios es diferente de ti, de mí y o de nuestros líderes terrenales,

y para reconocer cómo las acciones del rey contradicen nuestra comprensión de la forma en que Dios nos responde a nosotros.

 

Otro aspecto importante al leer esta parábola es identificar donde estamos nosotros en la parábola. Es fácil leerla y decir rápidamente:

«¡Por supuesto, aceptaríamos la invitación y asistiríamos a la fiesta!»

o: «Jamás rechazaríamos el banquete espléndido que se nos ofrece».

 

Pero, siendo honestos, probablemente podamos reconocernos en los distintos tipos de invitados y en sus respuestas a la celebración. Y no digo esto para que sintamos culpa y que así cambiemos nuestra respuesta; no creo que esta parábola nos este pidiendo «ser mejores cristianos», como si nuestros propios esfuerzos o méritos pudieran ganarnos el derecho a permanecer en la fiesta o incluso a ser invitados.

 

Recuerden: siempre debemos prestar atención a lo que Dios está haciendo en estas historias.

 

Una de las primeras cosas que vemos aquí es que todos están invitados a este banquete y celebración. Se les invita porque el rey desea compartir su alegría con su familia, sus amigos y sus vecinos.

 

El primer grupo de invitados fue convocado con esmerada consideración; sin embargo, no supieron valorar la importancia de mantener una relación con el rey ni reconocieron la generosidad abundante que él les estaba mostrando

 

La segunda ola de invitados fue recibida de manera más despreocupada, pues el rey deseaba que la gente celebrara con él; le importaba más eso que la forma en que los conocía —o incluso si ya los conocía de antes—.

 

Lo que más importaba era tener la oportunidad de compartir su alegría con los demás.

 

Algunos de los invitados decidieron no asistir a la celebración. Optaron por atender sus granjas o negocios, así como sus propios medios de vida y responsabilidades, en lugar de dar prioridad a su relación con el rey. Pero esa fue su elección; tenían libre albedrío y lo ejercieron.

 

Según lo que sabemos sobre las costumbres de aquella época, a los invitados que asistían a la celebración se les proporcionaban vestiduras nupciales y se les recibía en el banquete con honores. Si alguno ostentaba algún cargo o estatus, se le pedía que «dejara sus títulos en la puerta». En aquella celebración, todos estaban en igualdad de condiciones.

 

Y esa es la imagen del reino de Dios que veo en esta parábola: todos son bienvenidos.

 

Es cierto que algunos pueden marcharse, pues están demasiado centrados en sí mismos o demasiado ocupados como para participar en el reino aquí en la tierra. Pero, aun así, están invitados y son bienvenidos.

 

Otros pueden acercarse llenos de incertidumbre, pero también ellos están invitados y son bienvenidos; y encontrarán un lugar de gracia y de pertenencia, donde dispondrán de todo lo necesario para participar en la fuente —donde somos revestidos de Cristo— y en la Mesa del Señor, donde se comparte el banquete con nosotros.

 

Me gustaría detenerme allí, pero sé que... todavía debemos afrontar el caso del invitado que es expulsado.

 

El rey ha abierto de par en par las puertas de este banquete y celebración, y ha provisto todo para los invitados: la comida y la bebida, los trajes de boda y la invitación a participar y a ser abundantemente alimentados y nutridos.

 

El hombre fue invitado y bienvenido, al igual que todos los demás. Sin embargo, al entrar en el salón, no viste el traje de boda y, cuando el rey le pregunta al respecto, no responde.

 

Creo que esa es la clave para entender lo que sucede en la historia.

 

Robert Farrar Capon sugiere que el silencio del hombre es una negativa a establecer una relación con el rey. No reconoce la generosidad del rey ni la gracia abundante que lo rodea. Es como si se hubiera negado a participar, a pesar de encontrarse en el salón junto al rey y los demás invitados.

 

«Dios nunca cambia de parecer respecto a habernos ofrecido su aceptación desde el principio» (Capon, 462); pero cuando rechazamos esa invitación extravagante, nos apartamos de Dios, nos encerramos en nosotros mismos y rechazamos el reino de Dios que se nos ha concedido. Y ahí es cuando nos metemos en problemas.

 

El Dios que conocemos en Jesucristo nos invita a esta celebración extravagante de lo que Dios ha hecho y está haciendo en el mundo.

 

En el bautismo, nos revestimos de Cristo y nos situamos en igualdad de condiciones con Jesús al ser llamados hijos de Dios.

 

Lo único que Dios nos pide es que acudamos a la fiesta y participemos de su alegría abundante.

 

Gracias sean dadas a Dios.


Matthew 22:1-14


Let us pray.

May the words of my mouth and the meditations of our hearts be acceptable to you, O Lord, our rock and our redeemer. Amen.

 

Sometimes when we hear this parable, we jump immediately to an allegory that would tell us that the king who’s throwing the wedding banquet is God, the ones who were invited not once, but twice and still refused to come to the celebration are the Jewish religious leaders, and those who were invited from the streets and thoroughfares, both good and bad, are all the rest of us Gentiles. 

 

But that explanation leaves me with some questions.

 

First, the violence demonstrated in verses 6 and 7 is unique to Matthew’s telling of this parable. One group seized the slaves the king had sent, mistreated them, and then killed them. And then king responds in the same way, retaliating with military force and with vengeance. The soldiers burn the offending city, destroying it and its citizens.

 

And then in verses 11 – 13, in another passage unique to Matthew, the king spots a guest who is conspicuously out of place, dressed inappropriately for the party. And the king order the man be bound and thrown out. 

 

While we might compare this explosive king to God who first flooded the earth on account of the wickedness of humankind upon the earth (Genesis 6:5) and then scattered the people of Mesopotamia “over the face of all the earth” (Genesis 11:8-9), this king doesn’t resemble the God I know from the rest of the biblical story - the one who covenants with God’s own people for “as long as the earth endures.” (Genesis 8: 22)

 

However, biblical scholar Paula Gooder notes that the people do sound like the people whose story we hear in Second Chronicles, Chapter 30. (Gooder, 175) King Hezekiah who ruled close to 700 BCE, after the northern kingdom fell to Assyria sought to unite the people and reform and restore the temple in Jerusalem as the center of their worship life. He invited people from all over Israel and Judah to come to Jerusalem to keep the Passover, sending couriers to all the cities, but the people laughed and scorned them. (2 Ch. 30:1, 10-11)

 

However, that’s where the similarity ends. 

King Hezekiah’s response was not one of retaliation or vengeance. Instead, the king continued with sacrifice at the temple, praying, 

“The good Lord pardon all who set their hearts to seek God, the Lord the God of their ancestors….” (2 Ch. 30:18-19)

 

Covenant. Prayer. Relationship.

These are the words I associate with God.

 

So, let’s look again at the parable.

 

When we heard the parable of the unforgiving slave a few weeks ago, I asked us not to equate the king with God but instead, knowing what the king’s response was, imagine how the God whom we know in Scripture, and in the person of Jesus Christ, would have a different response.

 

I think it can be helpful to use the king’s character in the parable to see how God is different from you or me or our worldly leaders, 

and to recognize how the king’s actions contradict our understanding of how God responds to us.

 

Another important part of reading this parable is to find where we are in the parable. It’s easy to read the parable and quickly say, 

“Of course, we’d accept the invitation and come to the party!” 

or

“We’d never reject the extravagant feast we’re offered.”


But if we’re honest, we can probably recognize ourselves in all the different kinds of guests, and in their responses to the celebration. And I don’t say that to guilt us into changing our response; I don’t think that this parable is asking us to ‘be better Christians’, as if our own efforts or merits can earn our right to stay at the party or even be invited. 

 

Remember, we always watch for what God is doing in these stories.

 

One of the first things we see here is that everyone is invited to this feast and celebration. They are invited because the king wants to share his joy with his family, friends and neighbors. 

 

The first wave of guests were invited with careful consideration, and yet, they neither saw the importance of staying in relationship with the king nor recognized the abundant generosity he was displaying towards them.

 

The second wave of guests were welcomed more recklessly because the king wanted people to celebrate with him, more than he cared about how, or even if, he already knew them. 

 

What mattered more than anything else was having an opportunity to share his joy with others.

 

Some of the invited guests chose not to come to the celebration. They chose to give their attention to their farm or business, and their own livelihood and responsibilities, instead of putting their relationship with the king first. But that was their choice. They had free will and exercised it.

 

From our understanding of the customs of that age, the guests who came to the celebration were given wedding clothes to wear and welcomed into the feast with honor. If they had any position or status, they were asked to “leave their titles at the door.” Everyone was on equal footing at this celebration.


And that is the picture of the kingdom of God that I see in this parable. All are welcomed. 

 

Sure, some may walk away, because they are too self-centered or preoccupied to participate in the kingdom here on earth. But they are still invited and welcome. 

 

Others may approach, filled with uncertainty, but they too are invited and welcome, and they will find a place of grace and belonging, where they have everything, they need to participate at the font where we are clothed in Christ, and at the Lord’s Table, where the feast is shared with us. 

 

I’d like to stop there, but I know, 

we still have to reckon with the guest who is thrown out. 

 

The king has flung open the doors to this feast and celebration and provided everything for the guests: the food and drink, the wedding garments, and the invitation to participate and be richly fed and nourished abundantly. 

 

The man was invited and welcomed, along with everyone else. And yet when he comes into the ballroom, he doesn’t dress in the wedding garment, and when the king asks him about it, he doesn’t answer him. 

 

I think that’s the key to understanding what is happening in the story. 

 

Robert Farrar Capon suggests that the man’s silence is a refusal to be in relationship with the king. He neither recognizes the generosity of the king, nor the abundant grace that surrounds him. It is as if he has refused to participate, even though he is in the ballroom with the king and the other guests. 

 

“God never has a change of heart about having offered us acceptance in the first place” (Capon, 462) but when we refuse the extravagant invitation we turn away from God and curve in on ourselves and reject the kingdom of God that we have been given. And that’s when we get ourselves in trouble.

 

The God whom we know in Jesus Christ invites us into this extravagant celebration of what God has done and is doing in the world.

 

In baptism, we are clothed with Christ and put on equal footing with Jesus when we are named as God’s own children. 

 

All God asks is that we come to the party and share in God’s abundant joy.

 

Thanks be to God.

Sunday, September 20, 2026

Lectionary 25A

Matthew 20:1-16

Let us pray.

May the words of my mouth and the meditations of our hearts be acceptable to you, O Lord, our rock and our redeemer. Amen.

 

I started teaching a Bible study on parables last week, just as the lectionary started featuring parables in our gospel readings. The timing was fortunate because it reminded me that reading the parables is different from reading the early stories of our ancestors in faith in the Hebrew Bible, the narrative stories of Jesus’ ministry, or Paul’s letters to the different early Christian churches. 

 

Jesus was a master storyteller, but he didn’t teach in parables to entertain his audience. His stories invited his listeners to consider a new perspective about God and, in Matthew, the kingdom of heaven. He challenged what the people expected of a Messiah and Lord and used the parables to turn their expectations upside down.

 

People often have a favorite verse or story from Scripture. We love the stories of the prodigal son or the good Samaritan, but this parable from Matthew, popularly called the Laborers in the Vineyard is not a favorite. In fact, it’s often disliked. 

 

Because, among the Jewish people, the vineyard was a common metaphor for Israel, the simplest explanation of the parable equates the householder with God and the first set of laborers with the Jewish people and frames the whole parable in terms of who earns salvation and entrance into the kingdom of heaven.

 

Another aspect of the traditional interpretation centers on the laborers and the householder’s payment to them for their work. At the end of the day, regardless of when a laborer began working, each received a full day’s wage. And while the householder paid a fair wage and the agreed amount that they had set when he hired them, the laborers who had worked the most hours were outraged. 

 

I want to challenge some of the assumptions though. 

 

Often, parables tell a story that illustrates an aspect of who God is or what the kingdom of God is like. Other parables compare two things. But it’s helpful to remember that they are stories and illustrations, not historical events, and that while they often make comparisons, but they do not necessarily equate two things. (Luise Schottroff, The Parables of Jesus. 211)

 

In the same way, we can say a giraffe and a leopard are like one another because they have spots, 

but no one would mistake one for the other. 

 

The kingdom of heaven is given to us, not earned by us.

 

The late Episcopal priest Robert Farrar Capon (kay-pon) wrote that God demonstrates “a grace that works by raising the dead, not by rewarding the rewardable.” (Capon. Kingdom, Grace, Judgment. 395)

 

And Paula Gooder, an Anglican biblical scholar wrote that “Justice is not diminished by generosity.” (Gooder, The Parables. 44)

 

As we reflect on this parable, 

instead of focusing on salvation, fairness or even justice, 

I want to talk about generosity and about relationship.

 

In his response to the outraged laborers, the householder asks, “

“Am I not allowed to do what I choose with what belongs to me? Or are you envious because I am generous?”

 

New Testament scholar Luise Schottroff writes that “private property in the sense of [this verse] directly contradicts God’s Torah.” (Schottroff, 216) Her comment prompts me to listen again to the householder’s words.

 

In my hearing of the parable, I never thought to question the ownership of the vineyard. But if I take seriously the words of the psalmist who says in Psalm 24, 

“The earth is the Lord’s and all that is in it,

    the world, and those who live in it,”

 then how can any of us claim land is ours? 

Surely, we are only caretakers and stewards of what we hold and have.

 

And likewise, if all we have is given to us by the Lord, 

then it makes sense that we would be prayerful and careful in our care and sharing of what we have first been given. 

 

As many of you know, this is the time of year when you are asked to share from what you have first been given and commit to giving financially to the congregation for the coming year. 

You have heard ministry moments and testimonies for why others give, and between now and October 4, you’ll continue to hear inspiring stories and stories about the many ways your gifts sustain our work both within out congregation and in the community and world. 

If you have already offered your commitment for 2027, thank you, and if you haven’t, please do.

 

Today’s parable helps us remember that God entrusts us with care for ourselves and our households, care for our neighbors, community and world.

 

Understood this way, the parable invites us into the role of the householder, the one who looks out, 

not only for those who are readily available and visible, 

but also for those who may cross our paths later. 

 

The householder goes to the marketplace not just once or twice, but five times. The parable doesn’t actually tell us he needed more workers, but he hired more anyway. He didn’t wait for them to knock on his door. He sought them out and invited them into the vineyard. He begins a relationship with them and brings them into the community. 

 

Importantly, the parable never makes a qualitative judgment in favor of the first group or against the last group. (Amy-Jill Levine. The Short Stories of Jesus. 226) That has come from an inadequate translation of the Greek word agroi (ah-GROY) as ‘idle’ as if the laborers found later in the day were ‘lazy’, but the word is better translated as ‘without work’. The parable doesn’t tell us why they were “without work”. And whatever the reason, it didn’t change the householder’s response.

 

The householder’s generous welcome reminds us, as New Testament scholar Arland Hultgren wrote, “God saves us not because we are lovable, but because God is loving in a radical way.” (Hultgren, The Parables of Jesus. 43) We are called to love our neighbor with this same radical love.

 

Let us pray.

Generous and loving God,

Thank you for Your son Jesus who teaches us what love looks like.

Thank you for entrusting us with all that is Yours. 

Encourage us to see our neighbors and invite them into relationship. Show us how to be faithful and generous 

so that all will know Your love.

We pray in your Holy Name. 

Amen.