18th Sunday after Pentecost

Mark 9:38-50

There’s a saying that, “The road to hell is paved with good intentions.”

But in today’s gospel Jesus casts doubt on the old adage. Instead, he points out that the road to hell is filled with stumbling blocks: those things that we put in the way of others, and in our own way, that keep us from experiencing God’s presence, love, mercy, or the outpouring of the Holy Spirit.

He tells the disciples, it’s better to drown than cause someone else to stumble, and that it’s better to cut off our own hands and legs and gouge out our eyes than allow ourselves to stumble.

The language is violent and graphic and it makes me uncomfortable. His words sound really harsh, and I prefer listening to Jesus talk about how much we are loved.

But his words are rooted in love. Jesus is speaking to his very own disciples, people who have been traveling with him and learning from him, and he is trying to get their attention, again, because they still seem more concerned about who gets the credit for the good works that are happening in Jesus’ name, than about whose lives are being transformed.

But the other reason I’m uncomfortable is all the talk about being thrown into hell.

In the gospel, Jesus is talking about a real place that you can find on a map: Gehenna. Its name comes from the Hebrew for the Valley of Hinnom and it was a place where atrocities including child sacrifice had taken place as far back as 7^th century BCE. In the first century CE it had become perpetually burning garbage dump outside Jerusalem’s city walls.

I believe in hell, less as a physical place or dimension, but I believe that hell is what we experience in our lives when we are separated from Divine Love. I believe that hell is what we create when we live apart from God’s will for us in our relationships with God, with our neighbors, and with the world. I also like what 19^th century Carmelite nun St. Therese of Lisieux once said; when she was asked, she answered that she believed in hell, but because of God's great mercy, she believed that it was empty.

Whatever you believe about hell, in Lutheranism, we recognize and name the destructive power of sin, death, and the devil in our lives and we appeal to God for strength and help to denounce the evil we encounter and confront the powers and principalities that contradict the Gospel.

And these are the things that Jesus wants us to pay attention to. Instead of worrying about what others are doing or saying, let’s examine ourselves and our own attitudes and behaviors, and let’s be attentive to the ways we influence others and affect their faith and lives.

In our lives we bear witness to the gospel – to the Good News of Jesus Christ, and the ways we show Jesus to the world matters. So what are the stumbling blocks we put in the way of others? And what are the ones we create to keep us from experiencing God’s presence, love, mercy, or the outpouring of the Holy Spirit?

Like the disciples, and as human beings, we tend toward exclusion. We silence people because they are different from us. Because they are women, or we don’t understand their accent, or they are old or young, or they didn’t grow up in the South and we don’t know who their daddy is. Or sometimes, because we do know who their daddy is, and we don’t like him. We watch whether people grew up on the right, or the wrong, side of the tracks and we think if we know one thing about someone, it tells us all we need to know.

It’s human nature. People are messy and it feels much safer to draw lines and stay in neat and tidy boxes, with people who are like us. But the problem is that every time we draw lines in the sand, we will find Jesus on the other side. Every time we create insiders and outsiders, guess where Jesus is? With the outsiders. With those who don’t have status. With those who don’t have power.

Jesus tells the disciples,

“Whoever is not against us is for us.” (9:40)

Even the person who thinks differently than I do about hell.

And the driver of the car whose bumper stickers I don’t like.

And the woman who on the court square holding her posterboard sign that says “Jesus loves you.”

So who is the person you want to dismiss or box out?

Jesus is here to say that God’s abundant love, mercy and power cannot be categorized or rationed. God is boundless. And when we start paying attention to how our lives reflect that Divine love and presence, we will be showing Jesus to the world.

Let us pray…

Good and gracious God,

Thank you for your Son Jesus who shows us again and again how much you love the whole world.

Help us pay attention to the ways we show your love and mercy to our families, neighbors and community.

Make us instruments of your peace where there is division, remembering that we are to bring Good News to the everyone we meet.

We pray in the name of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.

Amen.

Lectionary 26C/ Proper 21

Thinking this week about what this parable says to us, I came across a cartoon that shows a smiling robed angel and a man standing on clouds, looking at an elevator clearly marked “up for heaven “and “down for hell” and the man is saying, “Somehow I thought it would be somewhat different.”[i]

The parable begins with a rich man who is richer than anyone can imagine, clothed in “purple and fine linen” and feasting sumptuously or extravagantly every day, not just at Shabbat or on high holy days. In my imagination, I picture Midas who is remembered in Greek mythology for his ability to turn everything he touched into gold.

And then Jesus tells us about a second man, a poor man who was laid at the gate of the rich man, at the entrance to his property. In other translations, this man is called a beggar. He was dependent on help from neighbors and community, but we never hear that he received any help from the rich man or anyone else.

All we are told about him is that he has sores that the dogs lick, and we are told his name. He is named Lazarus from the Hebrew el azar which means “God has helped.”

Popular interpretations of this parable often add things that aren’t part of the story. Nothing is said about ritual purity and uncleanliness. Nothing is said about either man’s demeanor. Nothing is said about either man’s piety or religiosity, faith or belief, or righteousness. They’re just two men, one rich and well-fed, one poor and hungry.

However, we know from Scripture that for Torah-observant Jews, and for Christians for that matter, the biblical mandate to care for the poor is clear.

• In Deuteronomy 15 the people are instructed, “"Open your hand to the poor and needy neighbor in your land."[ii]
• In wisdom literature, Proverbs says, “Those who despise their neighbors are sinners, but happy are those who are kind to the poor.[iii] and “2 The rich and the poor have this in common: the LORD is the maker of them all.”[iv]
• And the prophets add their two cents, too: Isaiah tells the people, “share your bread with the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house;[v] and Zechariah instructs us, “show kindness and mercy to one another; 10 do not oppress the widow, the orphan, the alien, or the poor;”[vi]

Hearing this parable, we wonder, Why would the rich man ignore Lazarus? Maybe he felt powerless to help, or anxious that he would be taken advantage of. Recognizing our human condition though, it seems as likely that he never saw Lazarus as his responsibility; he either didn’t care what happened to the man or he was blind to the suffering right in front of him, and never even saw the poor man.

Our bewilderment is short-lived.

In the verses that follow we’re told each man dies and come to inhabit Hades, which translates literally as the “unseen place.” Ironically, Lazarus, who was not seen in life, is seen there.

Hades, hell, Sheol or Gehenna are all used in Scripture to describe the place of the dead. The descriptions we have aren’t literal or geographical and our understanding of heaven and hell has changed throughout time. Ancient Israelites believed in a three-tiered world where heaven was above and the dead went to a morally neutral underworld below. It wasn’t until the fourth century that Jews adopted the Hellenistic view of heaven as a place for the saved and hell as a place for the damned.[vii] Many of the familiar and graphic images of hell we might recognize today originated with Dante’s fourteenth century epic poem Divine Comedy and 15th and 16th century paintings of the Last Judgment and these images persist in popular culture today.

This parable describes a completely different place “where the saved and the damned could see each other.”[viii]

When the rich man cries out, it’s clear that the only thing that has changed is his location. His way of thinking is the same as it was in life . While he now sees Lazarus, and even knows his name, he still “others” him, speaking about him, instead of speaking directly to him. The rich man first asks Abraham to send Lazarus to bring him water. And when that fails, he asks him to send Lazarus to his five brothers so that they might be spared the torment that he’s experiencing. He remains blind to the truth that he and Lazarus are both children of Abraham, brothers in God’s sight. [ix]

Even when Abraham tells the rich man there is a chasm that cannot be bridged, he fails to see his own complicity in his fate. His own ignorance and lack of compassion carved out that chasm; it is the same chasm he used in life to separate himself from the poor and the suffering. It is as deep as his fears and disdain, his selfishness and contempt. Now, as theologian Amy-Jill Levine writes, “he will spend eternity seeing what he cannot have”[x] — a wholeness that is only possible in life with God, as part of the kingdom.

This parable reminds us that “God does not play by our rules.”[xi] When we encounter God’s kingdom, it’s going to be different than we imagine, just as God is beyond our knowledge and understanding now. What we know, right now, and what we are taught in the law and by the prophets, is that we have the responsibility to pour out God’s mercy and compassion here and now.

Let us pray…
God of heaven and earth,
Thank you for your mercy and grace that make us Your children and heirs to Your kingdom.
Teach us to see people through Your eyes and to love them as You love them.
Make us compassionate and generous as we go out into the world to share the Good News of your abundant love.
We pray in the name of Jesus, our Lord and Savior.
Amen.

[i] Werner Wejp-Olsen. https://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/o/otis.asp, accessed 9/28/2019.
[ii] Deuteronomy 15:11
[iii] Proverbs 14:21
[iv] Proverbs 22:1-2
[v] Isaiah 58:7
[vi] Zechariah 7:9-10
[vii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_cosmology, accessed 9/26/2019.
[viii] Amy-Jill Levine. Short Stories by Jesus. 286.
[ix] Levine, 288.
[x] Levine. 289.
[xi] Levine, 300.